Food Security in America

fodder Security in AmericaGLOBAL FOOD jeopardy HOW FOOD SECURITY BEEN GOVERNED IN AMERICA?INTRODUCTIONFood certification mea undisputables is understands as feed that can be recoer by large production in ones country. Food credential convey a humanity-wide issue even in developed countries accordingly passive pass on non managed to handle it well. Food warrantor has become a global issue as it been taking serious and involved with scotch of country.The World Food Summit (1996), has leave behinds full illustration and explanation of pabulum auspices department. They defined it as When exclusively slew at tout ensemble propagation stick get at to sufficient, safe, nutritious diet to master(prenominal)tain a wake slight and active life The World Food Summit (1996). The conception of nourishment security involved either substantial or financial access to nutriment that meets concourses forage needfully and fulfil battalion routine dietary.Food haza rd is opposite word of nutrition security which has profound in global issue whereas it becomes a health chore that correlated between dietary glut and health hassles. Jenniffer Clapp and M be J. Cohen (2009), in their book tit guide The Global Food Crisis Governance Challenging and Opportunities has explained victuals peril as the feeling of anxiety peculiarly for those hatful who concur hapless income remuneration in developing world categorized as fodder insecure (Clapp and M be J. Cohen, 2009). Indeed, the intellectual nourishment prices of viands intersection add-on and would not be able to control.Many scholars turn out described the implication of nourishment security. Nonetheless, but at the most broad level, nutrition security is mention as the accessibility of fodder and societys qualification to eat up the right derive of healthy forage. America noneffervescent veneer the alike problem with others countries, as according to farawayming thither ar sev datel places that unruffled having solid regimen insecure that above US average.thither are many factors that led to food security challenges, videlicet state growth, demographic change, changes in food consumption patterns, rising global food prices, the development and use of new technologies in food production and global climate change. Each of these factors is consequence of food security.However, I am to a greater extent than concerned in this essay with the rising food prices in get together State of America that been a crucial problem in this era of globalization. Even though America is developed country but hence it still facing the same problem with the developing ones. unify States be possessed of their own definition to give the illustration of what has going on in America. Chris Hunt (1997) Food Program Director explained that they called food dessert as the term to describe the situation in US. Chris signifies food dessert as the place that has throt tle of healthy food and majority of low-income neighbourhoods. In much(prenominal) people in certain area may bugger off excess to junk food than to healthy consume food such as vegetables and fruits. I shall discuss further on the rising food prices in US.FOOD PRICES GOES HIGHRising food prices in the late of 2006 and much and more during 2008, not everyone effort to by nutritious food because their salary bide same. Government of US utilize many programs to prevent this from spread over the nation. Jennifer Clapp (2009), in her book, she stated that food prices goes lavishly in the mid of 2008. When there are no enough food productions, everything is in demand.The parties responsible for determine the price of goods has taken advantage by charging high prices on to consumers out-of-pocket to high demand. Besides the food prices were at the high state because of the trammel stock of supply. Furthermore, the staple foods by US citizens, namely corn, dairy products, wheat, molecule and etc. has increasing in prices as well. I will lay aside about the main courses of US food production.The food prices rose coming into court grocers are starting to get ahead of their higher consentaneoussale expenses toward customers. capital of Minnesota Davidson (2014), he reported on USA straightaway newspaper that . sell food prices rose 0.4% in March, the same as in February and the largest amount since September 2011. By comparison, the prices of all consumer goods rose 0.2% in March and 0.1% the calendar month before, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beef, pork, poultry, eggs and milk sire had the most melodramatic price increases as drought, a virus outbreak and rising exports assume thinned U.S. supplies. Overall consumer prices rose 0.2% in March, a bit more rapidly than in recent months, and annual inflation was 1.5%, up from 1.1% in February. Annual inflation was 1.5% in March, up from 1.1% in February. Thats well down the stairs the Federal Reserves 2% target, as falling gasoline prices equipoise rising food costs..Practically every food staples in joined States has goes up in price. Among the reasons the price increase is due to higher grating prices. Consequently import and export activities make the process of backup exchange in higher charge for example the transportation cost, the fag cost and etc. I believe that food providers also took the hazard to raise the price of daily necessities such as the food companies, securities industry stores and etc. While, according to USDA, the food danger in America has to the highest degree 15 share of the populations were food insecure in the year 2010. The food insecurity is hard to mea incontestable. People with food insecurity have high risk to malnutrition, aridity and especially towards children they king have the physical brachydactylous growth and mental dis exhibition because of they have no enough nutrition to consume. I shall discuss further on this iss ue in the abutting segmentation.RESEARCH QUESTIONSThis essay will give answers to the following identified look questions belowWho is governing the issue?How is the issue being governed?How fairly and in effect is the issue being governed?To discuss this, the next section of the essay would be devoted to literature review.LITERATURE REVIEWResearch has been made previously that has discussed the food insecurity impacts on the global governance issue. Food insecurity defined as the situation where people do not have an enough access to healthy food.The concept of food security is describable as straightforward. It is to ensuring that people get enough excess to foods for their daily consume to healthy lifestyle. rosemary Gail Rayfuse, and Nicole Weisfelt (2012), has proclaimed that to make sure that food security is not easy because there was a record stated that it has been a major problem in global issue (rosemary Gail Rayfuse, and Nicole Weisfelt, 2012). The amount of people t hat has not have an enough excess to healthy food is still at the high risk.Craigh Pearson (edited by Rosemary Gail Rayfuse, and Nicole Weisfelt, 2012), he cited that the factors of food insecurity is because of food productions does not fulfil the call for of worlds population (Craigh Pearson 2012). Craigh emphasized that many factors that led to the food insecurity for example, insufficient of food stocks, otiose of transportations, globalization of swap, economic and political factors as well.Food security has become a global issue since twenty-first century as it is the crucial problem that situated at the bond of environment, culture and technology. in that location are a lot of challenges facing by means of with(predicate) the era globalization. The more the world become globalize the more challenges facing to maintain the food security. Bryan L. McDonald (2010) provides full illustration and explanation of food security. According to Bryan (2010)rising food prices have motivated unrest in many parts of the world and increased the number of people who do not receive seemly nutrition to levels not seen in decades. Agricultural and food production activities have been recognized as key drivers of environmental and climate changes at the same time that studies had revealed that food production could face significant and widespread impacts from these changes in coming decadesThe statement shown the rising food prices may lead to the problems of food security because not everyone is effort to buy food when the prices increasing. Especially for the poor people households family definitely would not effort to buy the same food that have nutrition as rich households family. Smil 2000 Pinstrup 2007 Brown 2009 quoted by Bryan (2010), the key drivers that led to food insecurity which is meant that the absence of secure of food, as a daily realism for billions of citizen everywhere in the world making their live less secure. Food security is basically come ou t from three supports namely food availability, food access and food consumption. In other words, people need to have an enough access of healthy food at all the time to be food secure. Otherwise, those have not have enough access to dietary food is considered as food insecure.Rosemary G. and Nicole V. (20) variate of the book title The Challenge of Food Security outside(a) Policy and Regulatory Frameworks, they said that food availability is not the problem of the food insecurity. The problem was the inability for the poorest people to buy food at the affordable prices. Even though the food stocks are available to access but yet, when the prices are high, people with low income salary would not be able to afford it. I shall discuss this in the next section of this write up.RQ 1 WHO IS GOVERNING THE ISSUE?The food security has been governed by a few bodies of international political sympathiesal organization, namely UN, WTO, USDA, FAO, and World Bank.The be that responsible in g overning this issue is surely brass of United State of America. The government of America itself has formed a society called United States of Development and Agriculture (USDA). USDA function as the organic structure that portion rural citizens in America to flourish, they help to promote agriculture production to maintain the inevitably of Americans and at the same time providing others throughout the theater of operations with healthy food as well. Hence, USDA has contributed a lot towards the food security problems in their country. This body responsible to make sure that their people get enough nutrition food. Guaranteeing the food security has been a zippy feature of world governance responsibility to encourage the sustainability of whole nations. I will discuss further of this on the research question number two How this issue being governed?Besides that, United Nations has tacticed a crucial role in maintaining the food security in whole global. in that respect are m any agencies under United Nations that focusing on maintaining this food security policy. UN has their agency that work on this issue which is FAO. Food and Agriculture agreement (FAO) is the agency that has 194 members of United Nation. FAO is responsible to make sure that people in the world get sufficient amount of food and get access to high-quality of healthy food. Nevertheless, FAO is responsible to eliminate food security, hunger and malnutrition in the world.I namely other organisation that has an important role in governing this issue which is World Trade Organisation (WTO), is the body that accountable in art policy as well as food trade. The WTO is the membership organisation where item-by-item nation-states assemble in order to extend regular policy for worldwide trade. Hence, the policy is the consequence of huge processes of deliberation between member states. The agreement among member states normally without ballot but they using common agreement between them.Al l these aforesaid(prenominal) governing bodies shall discuss more in the next research question.RQ 2HOW IS THE ISSUE BEING GOVERNED?How this issue is being governed, I will calculate it more details according to the functional bodies discussed previously.Government of United States has utilise many ways to try to overcome the food insecurity problems of their citizens. USDA has made research on the households that facing the food security problems and has the low income salary per capita.Discussing on how it is being governing, there are scholars according through their thesis, Alisha Coleman-Jensen, William McFall, and Mark Nord (2013), they have rightly observed that USDA have implemented an financial aid programs in order to improve childrens food security by providing low-income households with access to a healthful diet and nutrition education. These programs by USDA are to support the amount of children that facing food insecurity. Children is the main asset of the world, s o when there is limited excess to nutritious food, it might be effected the physically and mentally of the children itself. That is why government very concerned on this issue.The global food prices were on rise especially on the main food resources such as corn, wheat, cooking oil and grain. This really affected on media, economic, political agendas. Because of this factor, people of low income salary have limited access to the healthy dietary food. The government itself is difficult at their level best to give the subsidies to their citizens through the many programs.The government of United States, Craig Gundersen (2012) in his article, he explained that to addressing food insecurity in U.S, they have to do some indication on how fundamentals, food banks, legislator, program bureaucrat and campaigner which can be use as the way to change magnitude the food insecurity. Craigh (2012) believed with these programs held by government of US helps to number food insecurity problems. For example, the contribution in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), previously known as the Food Stamp program, contribution in the internal School Lunch Program (NSLP), besides the use of crisis food assistance programs decreasing the food prices and improving financial management skills can all lead to reductions in food insecurity.Furthermore, the government of America has implemented the food assistance program which is considerable remote food assistance constitution which called as food banks. Food banks or distinguished as nourishment America, Craig (2012) in his writing, stated that there was 201 food banks and it is roughly 80 percent of all the food banks in the United States and food banks has served more than thousands of organisations (Craig 2012). These food banks have received straight contributions from food product companies, retail stores, restaurants, soul contributors as well as donations. When food banks received all donations from these parties, they managed to reduce the food insecurity in their country.World Trade Organisation the independent organization that deal with the international trade and food trade play an important part in governing this issue. The rising food prices in US, is because of high demand of the goods in global. In addition, WTO needs to control the trade activity between nations. WTO works on food security by implemented WTO Agriculture Committee in order to make sure how effectively the trade policy in ensuring the supplies of food. Trade policy and food security really related to one another. Christopher S., Romilly G., Jane K AND Stephen D. (2000) in their edition book, The WTO Agreement on Agriculture and Food Security, they believed that trade easiness really gives direct or indirect effects on food prices. The food prices might be affected due to the multilateral trade agreements. As WTO controlled over the duty and tariff of the goods, import and export, hence WTO needs to ensuring that the duty and taxes are acceptable and will not affected the government policies on the food prices.The effectiveness of these governing bodies is still questionable that I will discuss on that in next write up.RQ3 HOW slightly AND EFFECTIVELY IS THE ISSUE BEING GOVERNED?Based on the current trends of the globalization, I personally think that this issue is not fair enough and still ineffectively being governed. Why I said so it is because of the citizens that comes from varied background but still have to surrender to the rising prices of crude that not everyone can afford it.The goods increases due to insufficient natural resources are a major cause prices to rise sharply. People have limited access to staple foods because the human population is increasing and the foods stock will not be able to meet the needs of all citizens. People need to prepare their own food needs and there must be sufficient amount of basic requirements and nutrition foods to meet their daily consumi ng dietary. Therefore, it is questionable whether the world can provide sufficient amount of foods to worlds population?The increases in prices of goods that are not constant and adoption from free markets are found ineffective ways to prevent food insecurity problems in the United States. There are still many people in United States who had to go through life without enough vigorous food.The government of United States itself is not being fair towards their citizens. The fairness is hard to achieve since rising food prices involving the global governance issue and it is global food prices. So far there is still no way of reduction made by the government in view of the increase in prices of goods remains in place. Even though there were programs handling in United States, I still believe there is no fairness regards on this issue as the foods are not distributed fairly.CONCLUSIONFood security seems a lot tougher than before because of the increasing of worlds populations. The govern ment and all agencies involved really have to take it in their nerves when the stocks of supplies are not enough to feed the populations. The food security problem has become a critical issue and the issue continuously happen through years.Food securityReferencesBryan L. (2010) Food Security Polity Press.Christopher S., Romilly G., Jane K. Stephen D. (2000) edt, The WTO Agreement on Agriculture and Food Security Commonwealth SecretariatCraig G. (2012), Addressing U.S Food jeopardy University of Illinoishttp//www.hungerfreecommunities.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Gundersen_AddressingtUSFoodInsecurityFINAL.pdfJennifer C. and Marc J. (2009) edt, The Global Food Crisis Governance Challenges and Opportunities Wilfrid Laurier University Press.Paul Davidson (2014) USA Today April 16, 2014. Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/04/16/cpi-shows-food-prices-rising/7742669/World Trade Organisation (2013), Food Security Retrieved from http//www.wto.org/english/trat op_e/agric_e/food_security_e.htm. 9th Jan 2015.USAID (2015) Agriculture and Food Security retrieved from http//www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/agriculture-and-food-securityRosemary G. and Nicole V. (2012) edt, The Challenge of Food Security International Policy and Regulatory Framework. Edward Elgar print Limited.